ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The use of drones in environment and health research is a relatively new phenomenon. A principal research activity drones are used for is environmental monitoring, which can raise concerns in local communities. Existing ethical guidance for researchers is often not specific to drone technology and practices vary between research settings. Therefore, this scoping review aims to gather the evidence available on ethical considerations surrounding drone use as perceived by local communities, ethical considerations reported on by researchers implementing drone research, and published ethical guidance related to drone deployment. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This scoping review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines. The literature search will be conducted using academic databases and grey literature sources. After pilot testing the inclusion criteria and data extraction tool, two researchers will double-screen and then chart available evidence independently. A content analysis will be carried out to identify patterns of categories or terms used to describe ethical considerations related to drone usage for environmental monitoring in the literature using the R Package RQDA. Discrepancies in any phase of the project will be solved through consensus between the two reviewers. If consensus cannot be reached, a third arbitrator will be consulted. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval is not required; only secondary data will be used. This protocol is registered on the Open Science Framework (osf.io/a78et). The results will be disseminated through publication in a scientific journal and will be used to inform drone field campaigns in the Wellcome Trust funded HARMONIZE project. HARMONIZE aims to develop cost-effective and reproducible digital infrastructure for stakeholders in climate change hotspots in Latin America & the Caribbean and will use drone technology to collect data on fine scale landscape changes.
Subject(s)
Academies and Institutes , Unmanned Aerial Devices , Caribbean Region , Climate Change , Consensus , Research Design , Systematic Reviews as Topic , Review Literature as TopicABSTRACT
The specific characteristics of the Federal District (DF) favor the introduction, reproduction, dissemination, and permanence of dengue vector and viruses. Here, we aimed to analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of dengue epidemics in the Administrative Regions (RAs) of the DF from January 2007 to December 2017. We used Fourier partial series model to obtain a seasonal signature of the time series, which allowed calculating indicators of permanence (number of epidemic years, number of epidemic months per year, the proportion of epidemic months for the period) and time/moment of epidemics (month of epidemic peak). A total of 82 epidemics were recorded in this period. The RAs with the largest number of epidemic years were Varjão (5 epidemics), Gama, Lago Sul, and Sobradinho (4 epidemics). These last three RAs also had the highest proportions of epidemic months of the entire study period (9 epidemic months). The RAs with urban centrality function had an earlier epidemic peak than the others, in February and March. Epidemics showed high permanence values in RAs with different types of occupations, emphasizing the need to consider the social organization of space processes in dengue distribution studies.
Subject(s)
Dengue , Epidemics , Brazil/epidemiology , Dengue/epidemiology , HumansABSTRACT
Resumo O Distrito Federal (DF) apresenta características particulares que favorecem a introdução, reprodução, disseminação e permanência do vetor e dos vírus da dengue. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os padrões espaço-temporais das epidemias de dengue nas Regiões Administrativas (RAs) do DF no período de janeiro de 2007 a dezembro de 2017. Utilizando o modelo da série parcial de Fourier, obteve-se uma assinatura sazonal da série temporal, o que permitiu calcular indicadores de permanência (número de anos epidêmicos, número de meses epidêmicos por ano, proporção de meses epidêmicos do período) e tempo/momento das epidemias (mês do pico epidêmico). Contabilizou-se um total de 82 epidemias nesse período. As RAs com maior número de anos epidêmicos foram Varjão (5 epidemias), Gama, Lago Sul e Sobradinho (4 epidemias). Essas últimas três RAs também tiveram as maiores proporções de meses epidêmicos de todo o período de estudo (nove). Verificou-se que as RAs com função de centralidade urbana possuem pico epidêmico mais cedo que as demais, nos meses de fevereiro e março. As epidemias apresentaram altos valores de permanência em RAs com diferentes tipos de ocupação, ressaltando-se a necessidade de considerar os processos de organização social do espaço nos estudos da distribuição da dengue.
Abstract The specific characteristics of the Federal District (DF) favor the introduction, reproduction, dissemination, and permanence of dengue vector and viruses. Here, we aimed to analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of dengue epidemics in the Administrative Regions (RAs) of the DF from January 2007 to December 2017. We used Fourier partial series model to obtain a seasonal signature of the time series, which allowed calculating indicators of permanence (number of epidemic years, number of epidemic months per year, the proportion of epidemic months for the period) and time/moment of epidemics (month of epidemic peak). A total of 82 epidemics were recorded in this period. The RAs with the largest number of epidemic years were Varjão (5 epidemics), Gama, Lago Sul, and Sobradinho (4 epidemics). These last three RAs also had the highest proportions of epidemic months of the entire study period (9 epidemic months). The RAs with urban centrality function had an earlier epidemic peak than the others, in February and March. Epidemics showed high permanence values in RAs with different types of occupations, emphasizing the need to consider the social organization of space processes in dengue distribution studies.
